343 YEARS AGO CITY Padang

Paddock before the arrival of a foreign nation is a region inhabited by nomads who came from Minangkabau darek. According to legend the story, one of the immigrants who came had found a small gun, a knife, and porcelain pieces with the words "La illaha 'illallah Moehamad Rasoe Allah" in Arabic script. Together these findings goods, also found a sword, which later was used as the name of the place. Some had claimed that the name Padang showed plains where the land is located. Padang region is plain area that opens up to the beach; topography like that in Minangkabau society called 'desert'. That's the name of the natural topography derived Padang. The first migrants settled in the southern outskirts of Padang Batang Arau is now known as Seberang Padang. From here they moved to the northern suburbs and set up new villages such as Alang Laweh, Domains, Olo, Parak Tower, and Gantiang. The villages that formed berfederasi kenagarian Padang, which is known as Nan VIII tribes, taking tribal occupy this area long ago. While the other nomads later also formed a new nagari like Pauh, Koto Tangah, and Bungus. Nagari Padang apply the laws in force in darek Minangkabau, as well as generally accepted in derah other Minangkabau coastal shoreline. This is confirmed by the adoption adigium, "customs come from the top down". Duopuluh laws in force in darek along with the devices of other laws also apply in Kanagarian Padang. Customary courts are under council headman who acts as a judge. Padang prince council consists of eight members each prince who represents the tribe that inhabits Kenagarian Padang. Council prince was named Council penghoeloe nan Salapan Parts (Rusli Amran, 230). Nagari Padang is the central mosque which also serves as the customs hall, where legal justice done. That's where the legal decisions taken (Colombijn, 57). However, in line with the revolving period, devices applicable law in Padang Kanagarian no longer used purely as in their original places in darek. This is of course due to the coastal regions roughly a century and a half earlier to get along and get the elements of foreign influence, and in Padang itself was silent most of the European nations that are subject to their own laws. Before Europeans set foot in Padang, Aceh has the power to penetrate first. It is not known the extent to which elements of the legal system affects Aceh Nagari Padang. Just be aware that the commander of the king of Aceh put them in Padang, but function more as a representative of a trade rather than political representatives. It could be argued that the density of Indigenous remains in the hands of the prince of Nagari Padang 8 before touched by a foreign nation's new rulers soon. Aceh is slowly removed after the Dutch Company in 1666 to make Padang as its headquarters for the west coast of Sumatra. The elements Aceh politics increasingly removed from Padang when two years later, in 1668, the Dutch came to King Minangkabau, offering the government the power to expel Dutch Aceh power of Padang. Dutch postal resident will become Governor of Padang if the plan was successful. Minangkabau king approved the proposal. However, no meaningful effort expulsion, at the end of the 17th century, Aceh has indeed retreated far from the port city of Padang because they think it is no longer important. Since the Dutch Company can freely until far into the political system Nagari Padang. Under the rule of the Compagnie, the original amount of the prince Padang plus 8 to 12 representing three villages, Pauh, Koto Tangah, and Nagari Padang itself. At that time, the Compagnie Padang in the conception of the past is no longer nomads Minangkabau villages, namely Nagari Koto Nan VIII, but the creation of a new colonial city area that includes the villages and cities Tangah Pauh. As a result, the density of Indigenous Padang, representatives of the three villages mutually hostile political fight over the helm of the highest to Padang. Rare agreement among them. Through that door, the Compagnie utilize his power to enter more deeply into the political system of Padang. The powers of Padang raised by the hand of power of the Compagnie families loyal to the Netherlands, while the rich family of Dutch allies such as Small Rich was given the position as treasurer, the principal headman of the 12. Although hereditary factors to be considered in the appointment of the prince, the Netherlands remains decides whether a person is suitable for the title. This also applies to the commander of the king's title, other than the prince of important titles will be retained after the departure of Dutch Aceh. Neither the prince nor the commander of the 12 kings, as recorded MD. Mansoer (1970: 123), must "show loyalty to the interests of the Dutch if they want to maintain their position." The prince who is spearheading the 12 law enforcement in the indigenous community of Padang. Read their political role, can be estimated how far the law has come to the Compagnie indigenous people of Padang. If political power has bertampuk portable so it can easily by Compagnie, it can be assumed, the applicable law in Padang also has been in the Compagnie object carried in the hand. In a bureaucratic system VOC, for example, there is a judicial officer and secretary of the police (Asnan Gusti, 2006: 17) are likely to function as an arm of law enforcement in Padang Compagnie against indigenous communities. Nagari Padang Minangkabau is the story of yore, Colombijn said. Nagari is a central mosque which also serves as a customs hall, where legal justice done. But the city is more of a new creation, born from outside interference which consists of the fort and the market. Fort that is the base of power in securing the Compagnie including his political position on the Padang. Compagnie fort was Fort Muara Padang, on the edge of north Batang (River) Arau. The walled fortress tall and thick, surrounded by ditches in and facing the Batang Arau. Behind walls, inside the fort. according Mansoer, housed the residence of 'Het opperhoofd van Padang' with the rank of 'Koopman', commonly called 'commandeur', my lord Kemendur. His deputy is onder Koopman, commander with the rank of ensign. Dwell in the fortress 'vaandrig' and his army. In the castle there are also warehouses to store spices, merchandise VOC, and armory. While outside the fortress developing the pension settlements and the elderly Dutch people who are politically does not mean more for the Compagnie. They are called the Mardijkers. Fort and settlement of foreigners outside the castle is what later became the forerunner of the colonial city. At the time of VOCs, some Minangkabau people were arrested and exiled by the Compagnie due to their frontal opposition against the Compagnie power in Padang. In the early days in Padang power VOC, VOC siphoned cash to end resistance Aceh former officials who had the support of the local population. Years later, the Compagnie still must afford the same pain. At the end of three decades of the 17th century, two of the most rich Minangkabau people who do not want to establish trade with the Dutch allies, but choosing a good relationship with Aceh, both with his family removed. Not to mention, simultaneous resistance-resistance of the villages on the outskirts of Padang and Koto Tangah like Pauh. Among the attackers was killed there as well who were captured alive before being discarded. History of VOC ends in Padang when the British attacked the city. On August 10, 1781, five British warships anchored offshore throw Padang. 330 marines, 110 men from the infantry unit that includes the Indian soldiers, and 25 people from the artillery unit, landed to attack the city. While in the Dutch Company, 56 European soldiers, 21 Indian soldiers, 10 soldiers Bugis people, and some old cannon shoots, obviously not able to block invasion. Almost no resistance, the raid was remembered as 'penyerbauan without firing a weapon'. It is the cause of the invasion, Britain was at war with its North American colonies, and the Netherlands joined supplying arms to the latter. England furious and declared war on the Netherlands (1780). Now, authorities in Padang switch as the edge of the switch when the water comes. From then until four years later, British control of Padang. VOC fort that once stood firmly upright in Muara Batang Arau British burned. Not long afterwards, in 1785, the city was handed back to the Compagnie in severe disrepair. The war has ended and a cease-fire on both sides have been signed, including Padang surrender to the Dutch back. But do not get excited anymore VOC deal Padang. The leaders of VOC in Batavia assessing the west coast as an area that has always losers. Half-hearted attitude was compounded by threats from nagari around Padang. Recorded, over a span of years from 1780 to 1785, twice the Pauh and Koto Padang Tangah attack, although the population of Europe and China successfully defend it. The failure is because they never agree with each other for control of Padang. Panghulu Tangah Koto and convene Pauh fun to spend time. Compagnie leaders tried to maintain Padang no other for strategic interests for the Dutch trade, because without that city Compagnie trading business on the west coast will languish. On the basis of that, then let Padang VOC free traders entered by simply picking excise entry in Padang. Until the late 18th century, the Compagnie painstakingly survive in Padang. Eight years later, Padang invaded again. This time Le Meme, a pirate who controlled the waters of the Cape of Good Hope to the Strait of Sunda, ransacked the town. The Chinese people and the natives fled to the mainland. While officials VOC, the Dutch people and their descendants, afford the result of malignancy pirate Le Meme. He and his flock robbed all the valuables left city residents and the city hostage for ransom. Padang, after that, will have a long lethargy. Two years after Le Meme leaving Padang in a state ravaged, England returned for a second time to master this city. Since 1795 to be returned to the Netherlands as a realization of the Treaty of London in 1814, the city was constantly ignored, and Padang will undergo a long lethargy. England never assume importance as a city of Padang profitable. Moreover, not how many years under British rule, a massive earthquake rocked the city and destroyed almost all the buildings.